多种语言人口词典 根据1982年出版的英文第二版翻译

This is the preface of the second edition in Chinese published in 1992.

The revision has been done on the wiki by Shuzhuo Li (UN) and Xiaochun Qiao in 2008 but no book has been printed. We will ask Xiaochun Qiao to write a preface on his work with Shuzhuo Li.

A general preface on current and future unified second editions has been written in 2018 by Nicolas Brouard and could be translated in Chinese

The preface of the forthcoming (2024) Chinese Unified Second Edition will also be written

人口学词典

联合国、国际人口学会编著

杨魁信，邵宁译

查瑞传校

商务印书馆

1992年 北京

International Union for the Scientific Study of Population

MULTILINGUAL DEMOGRAPHIC DICTIONARY

Ordina Edition, Liege (Belgium) 1982

中译本前言

联合国自成立以来，一向重视世界人口发展形势和人口学的研究，出版了一系列有关人口学的著作。这本词典就是其中之一。50年代，联合国人口委员会倡议编写一本多种语言文字的人口学词典。而后，国际人口学会承担了这项任务，专门组建了一个词典编写委员会负责此事，并委托几位国际知名人口学家从事编写。经过反复征求意见和多次修改，法文本和英文本终于在1958年问世。随后于1959—1971年又陆续出版了西班牙文、意大利文等11种文本。

鉴于近几十年人口形势的巨大变化和人口科学的飞速发展，70年代初国际人口学会建立了一个新的国际人口学名词术语委员会，就人口学词典在人口学界广泛征集意见；并在此基础上对比词典进行修订补充，出版了新的法文版和英文版的词典。这本中文版的《人口学词典》就是根据英文第二版翻译的。

目前国际、国内都出版了一些人口学词典，各有短长。但是，本词典有它独具的一些特点。

(1)它是在国际人口学会组织下，由许多知名学者采纳了各方面意见后集体创作的，因而具有高度科学性、准确性和权威性。

(2)它的编写体例不是简单的词条诠释，也不是百科词典式的分词条阐述，而是融词条于内容的系统叙述。全书读起来象一本简明扼要的《人口学入门》，从而使读者能在人口现象的客观联系中更准确地把握每个词条。

(3)全书是按题材内容分章排列，更有助于读者对同类相关词条的相互联系和区别加深理解。

(4)词典正文后附有详细索引，便于查找任何一个需要解释的词条。

(5)本词典的最大特点是将同一内容用不同语言文字分别出版。每一种文本均构成一本独立的词典，而读者又可通过各条词目统一的编号，在各种文本中找到对应的词条，因而被命名为《多种语言人口学词典》。所以它又是一套沟通各种语文的人口学词典。

中文是世界上使用人数最多的语言之一。但是这本词典迄今仍然没有中文本，这不能不说是一个很大的不足。联合国有关部门很重视此事，曾建议组织力量编写出版中文本，但终以种种原因未能很快实现。在此期间，中国人民大学人口研究所杨魁信同志曾将词典英文第一版译成中文，刊登在《人口译丛》1982年第3期上，译文为国内人口学工作者广泛使用，得到很好评价。为了使更多的读者都能受益，现又在此基础上由杨魁信和邵宁两位同志将英文第二版译出，由商务印书馆公开出版。这本词典的问世不仅为人口学界提供了一本科学、准确、权威性的人口学专业词典，而且也为广大人口工作者和有兴趣的读者提供了一本简明、扼要、可读性很强的人口学读物。书后所附的英中、中英文词目对照的索引可以帮助读者直接进行检索。

本词典原名《多种语言人口学词典》，是为了强调它以多种语言文字出版及其相互对照性，但易引起误解，以为在一本书中有多种文字并列。为避免这种不必要的误解，这次中文本改称《人口学词典》。

全书共9章，其中第1—4章由杨魁信同志翻译，第5—9章由邵宁同志翻译。

查瑞传

目 录

序言

使用说明

致谢

第一章 一般概念

第二章 人口统计资料的加工整理

第三章 人口的分布和分类

第四章 死亡和患病

第五章 婚姻

第六章 生育

第七章 人口增长和更替

第八章 空间流动

第九章 人口学的经济方面和社会方面

英中文词目对照索引

中英文词目对照索引

序 言

联合国人口委员会在第四次全体会议上，提请联合国秘书处把《多种文字人口学词典》的编写工作列入秘书处的工作计划。国际人口学会在编写词典方面给予了合作，在联合国人口委员会第五次全体会议结束时，把编写英文、法文、西班牙文三种文本的人口学词典的初稿任务，交给了一个特设委员会^{[#sdfootnote1sym 1]}。

尽管编写这样的词典，十分复杂，但任务圆满完成，并于1958年出版了法文和英文版本。随后，其他文字版本陆续问世：西班牙文(1959年)、意大利文(1959年)、德文(1960年)、芬兰文(1964年)，俄文(1964年)、捷克文(1965年)、波兰文（1966年)、瑞典文(1969年)、葡萄牙文(1969年)、阿拉伯文（1970年)和塞尔维亚—克罗地亚文(1971年)。

联合国人口委员会于1969年11月在日内瓦举行的第十五次全体会议上，通过了一项提议，建议联合国秘书长与国际人口学会大力协作以完成共同有益的各项工作，如人口学词汇的多种文字词典的编写工作。

国际人口学会理事会于1969年4月在列日举行的预备会议上，极其满意地看到这一词典在各个方面都达到了世界各国人口学家的期望；但是，理事会认为，在词典出版后的10年中所发生的深刻变化，已经影响到人口学科学，因而重新编写词典的时间已经到来。

为此，成立了一个新的委员会^{[#sdfootnote2sym 2]}，由于美国普查局慷慨地给予财力资助，词典的编写工作于1972年开始并于1974年完成。

委员会的活动范围，并不局限于其各个委员之间，因为大约100个人口中心根据委员会的请求对发给自己的词典初稿，提出了意见。因而收到了大量不仅涉及人口学术语和概念而且也谈到词典编排的信件。所有来信提到的意见，都交由路易·昂利(Louis Henry)教授处理。国际人口学会于1976年把《多种文字人口学词典》法文第二版的定稿任务，交给了昂利教授。因此，路易·昂利编写的新的正文，综合了已不幸去世的保罗·万桑为法文第一版编写的正文和国际人口学术语委员会编写的正文。

人口学会随即请埃廷那·万·德·瓦尔(Etienne van de Walle)教授将词典的法文版编译为英文。借此机会，我衷心感谢他圆满而又十分确切地完成了这一任务。

我也对我的前任马西莫·利维·巴齐(Massimo Livi Bacci)教授致以深切谢意，在其任期内，他是编写这一套新词典的主要发起人之一。

继法文版本后问世的这一英文版本是第二版，随着时间的推移，本词典将会不断丰富和完善，并将有助于国际人口学界的工作。

秘书长乔治·塔皮诺(Georges Tapinos)

使用说明

本词典由正文和按字母顺序排列的索引组成。正文之下附有小体字的注释。正文和注释中所有用黑体字排印的术语，都列于索引之中。对于用黑体字排印的由几个单词构成的术语，在索引中排列在每个主要构成词的下面，例如，对于“density of population”，一方面作为“DENSITY population”列在字母D的下面，另一方面则作为“POPULATION density”而列在字母P的下面。

每个术语都有一个参照号码。参照号码由术语所在段落的号数和一个查对号数组成。正文中出现的术语的查对号数印在紧靠术语的后面，注释中术语的查对号数就是该注释的号数；后者也表明了注释同正文中相应术语的关系。注释中有而正文中没有的术语，在索引和参照号码上用星号标出。

如果各种文本正文中术语的参照号码是一样的，那么，这些术语是对应的。举例来说，如果翻译人员有了英文术语，想要查照同义的法文术语，他可以查阅英文版本索引中的这一英文术语，按照对应的参照号码，找出法文版本中的相应段落。需要强调指出的是，应该阅读两种文本的术语所在的整个段落，以防止由于习惯用法上的细微差别而导致错误；如果一种语言中没有相应的术语来表达某一特定概念时，这样做也有好处。

表示同一概念的不同术语，其参照号码相同。有多种译名的术语，可以有两个或两个以上的涉及相应内容的参照号码。

缩写词：adj.形容词；n.名词；v.动词。

致 谢

很多人在编写本词典的各个阶段，提供了帮助。埃廷那·万·德·瓦尔感谢亚历克斯·莫吉尔尼基(Alex Mogielnicki)在翻译法文版本中给予的帮助，感谢他的同事安R．米勒(Ann R．Miller)、塞缪尔·H.普雷斯顿(Samuel H．Preston)，诺曼·赖德(Norman Ryder)和克里斯托弗·蒂兹(Christopher Tietze)提出的意见，他们对英文正文的最初译稿惠然提出了宝贵意见。当然，本词典的编成，在很大程度上要归功于词典的第一版和人口学会委员会编写的历次初稿。

Preface to the revised edition of 2008 by Shuzhuo Li (UN) and Xiaochun Qiao

To be written by Xiaochun Qiao

General Preface of all unified second editions (2018)

The unification of the second edition of the dictionary became necessary when all scanned paper volumes had been computerized. The Demopædia databases showed significant omissions from each of the major releases published during the 1980s (French 1981, English 1982, Spanish in 1985 and German in 1987). In 1988, the Arabic edition and the tri-lingual English-French-Arabic edition, had already partially filled the gaps by comparing the French and English translations, but had failed to translate 92 new concepts introduced into the German edition. The Chinese (1994), Japanese (1994) and Czech (2005) editions are derived from the English version only, as are the Web-only editions in Russian (2008), Portuguese (2008) and Polish (2010). On the other hand, the Italian edition, published on the Web in 2010, is based mainly on the French edition. The following example illustrates the consequences of untranslated terms and the importance of a unified edition: the French term "nourrisson" which was selected for inclusion by the Commission of United Nations terminology in the 1950s, and which appeared in all the first editions of the multilingual dictionary, disappeared in the second English edition. The forthcoming unified dictionary will include the term nourrisson in French, lactante in Spanish, Brustkind in German, kojenec in Czech, lattante in Italian etc. and in English, which has no equivalent common noun, the expression child at the breast, which was used in the first English edition of 1958 and has been reintroduced in the unified English edition, giving rise to new modules derived from English only, to keep this lovely word, even if babies were not so highly cherished before the demographic transition!

This harmonization of the English edition is due to several demographers, Anglophones and Francophones for the most part, like Patrick Heuveline (University of California, Los Angeles), Michel Guillot (University of Pennsylvania and INED), but the final responsibility goes to Stan Becker (University of Johns Hopkins), who made the final decisions. Although this harmonization did not pose any difficulty for the new words introduced by the German edition, it also concerned delicate points whose translation into English and their use in the English demographic literature was not straightforward. We invite readers to watch the discussion pages for each section on the web version of these dictionaries.

As new translations into several Asian languages are now being considered in order to reflect the demographic importance of this continent, it was essential to achieve this unification before going ahead with these new translations. This is still an ongoing process, concerning all previously published languages; the first unified French language edition was published at the 46th Annual Conference of the Italian Statistical Society in June 2012 in Rome. The French edition fills a gap because the last copies of the second edition of 1981 were distributed at the symbolic price of € 1 at the IUSSP conference in Tours (2005). An Italian edition was also very necessary because the first edition was published in 1959 and had never been updated.

Harmonized editions should be available in the twelve languages already published in paper volumes and online in their original edition, as well as in four to six new Asian languages.

It is regrettable that this harmonized edition is not a new edition, which could be expanded with new concepts of contemporary demography, such as reproductive health, disability and dependency, international migration, demographic windows, population decline, retirement etc. But comparison of the first two editions showed clearly that the first edition covers most of the important concepts in the population sciences: the terms it contains were selected carefully by the United Nations Commission on Terminology during the 1950s in order to define our discipline, and are most of them are still valid.

We may also regret that certain obsolete or even inappropriate words have not been removed. Etienne van de Walle, lead author of the second English edition of 1982, told me at the Conference in Tours in 2005, shortly before his premature death, his desire to participate in the new edition, and especially to remove terms on eugenics, a term or theory which already in 1981 had only an historical interest. Thus, we made drastic cuts in sections that concerned eugenics. And eugenics has gone from the status of "discipline" to that of "theory".

Elsewhere, only minimal changes have been made to the original editions, preserving the original spirit of the 1980s.

These changes justify the paper publication of this unified edition. New volume will also be available on paper once unification in the specific language is complete. This unification is a mandatory prerequisite for a third edition.

Digital publishing provides a means to publish paper versions at low cost, even if on demand. Thanks to the work of Joseph Larmarange, a demographer at the French “Institute of Research for Development” (IRD) working at the joint research unit CEPED, it is possible to download from the multilingual demographic dictionary website (http://demopaedia.org/tools) any unified edition in various electronic formats (HTML, PDF or EPUB). It is also possible to order a hard copy from a publishing company on demand. The web site is also a place for generating a “current” version of the dictionary or even multilingual indexes.

While a publication with broad distribution does not seem justified for languages that have already been published in the past, print on demand seems to meet certain needs, especially when available in several languages in the same format. In addition, print on demand includes corrections of the inevitable errors and typographic mistakes.

The multilingual dictionary was born out of work of the Population Commission of the United Nations chaired by Paul Vincent. He himself was partly inspired by the revolutionary indexing system of numbered paragraphs which appeared in the work of John Edwin Holmstrom. He proved in his "Report on Interlingual Scientific and Technical Dictionaries" written in 1949 that unique entries in a dictionary were inadequate when the dictionary included more than two or three languages.

Therefore, authorships are multiple and multilingual too; the full list of names is given in each preface of the two editions which we reproduced before this current generic preface of all unified versions. Authors we must thank include Paul Vincent for the first French edition of 1958, Eugene Grebenik for the first English edition of 1958, Louis Henry for the second French edition of 1981, Etienne van de Walle for the second English edition of 1982 and Guillermo A. Macció for the second Spanish edition. The second German edition was coordinated by Charlotte Höhn in 1987.

This multiple paternity has led us to change the status of the different editions of the multilingual demographic Dictionary under the Creative Commons Share Alike license (CCSA). Since the computerization of the old paper editions, any additions to the dictionary published online require the acceptance of this license. This makes it possible to consider the exact contribution of each author involved. Note also that the MediaWiki software which is used by Demopaedia for both browsing the dictionary and editing, is also under the same open-source license.

Once you know of the functioning of Demopaedia, which is identical to Wikipedia, you can easily compare the text of the first edition with that of the unified edition. The digitized text uses the same paragraph numbering (350, 351, 352 etc ...), each grouped on the same page (eg page 35 http://fr-ii.wikipedia/wiki/35). If the reader wants to know the reasons that led a writer to adopt a particular reformulation, the discussion page lists the problems that have arisen and the decisions that have been taken (eg http://fr-ii.wikipedia/wiki/Talk:35). All members of professional associations of population studies in partnership with the Demopædia project are allowed and encouraged to contribute to the discussion pages. This is already the case for members of the IUSSP and soon for members of the Population Association of America and others. Rights to edit the dictionary itself, i.e., not only the related discussion page, are given to a limited number of authors.

It is also the goal of the project Demopædia to invite professional demographers to update the multilingual demographic Dictionary by providing this wiki platform. But as the first step is to create new pages and even new chapters such as "reproductive health" already mentioned, we believe that it is easier to adopt a more open structure similar to that of Wikipedia, where consistency between languages is not essential. The site of this free encyclopedia is the URL http://fr.demopaedia.org for French and http://en.demopaedia.org for the English version as well as http://it.demopaedia.org for Italian and http://th.demopaedia.org for Thai etc.

The new pages progressively created should allow us to better measure both the extent of our discipline and its new terminology. A third edition of the multilingual dictionary could come someday.

The goal of science is to share results with colleagues around the world but also to fellow countrymen. It is therefore important for the scientific vocabulary to be well translated and understood so that the media as well as students can use it correctly. We also note that in some countries such as Sweden, there is no second edition of the dictionary, giving the impression that the scientific vocabulary doesn’t need to be renewed in Swedish, but in English only. By contrast, a clear need was expressed at the IUSSP Conference in Marrakesh by Asian academics who, under pressure from many local students who do practice English, are struggling with rough translation of English demographic terms (even old terms) to be adopted by the entire community. Today, in India, there are several languages spoken by more than 70 million users, equivalent to the total number of humans whose mother tongue is French. Malayalam is spoken, in Kerala at least, by as many speakers as Thai-speaking Thais. Hopefully this wiki platform is a multilingual opportunity to discuss the understanding of new concepts conveyed in the English scientific journals but also in international conferences still conducted in French or Spanish, and in national conferences in many different languages.

This project could not have been completed without the ongoing support of the Population Division of the United Nations in the person of Hania Zlotnik who was its director from 2005 to 2012. This support took the form of the organization of Demopædia workshops, including Paris (2007) and Marrakesh (2009). Special thanks to Sergey Ivanov (UNPD), co-organizer of two workshops and author of the first draft of the Russian edition. Giudici Cristina and Elena Ambrosetti, authors of the Italian translation which has been published concurrently, have established a partnership between the University La Sapienza and the French Committee of the IUSSP, to organize a workshop on Wiki technology in Rome in 2011. Some material taken from a tutorial by Laurent Toulemon at INED in Paris has been reused, and we are extremely happy with the Franco-Italian collaboration which is driving the development of the Demopædia project, particularly in Chiang Mai at the end of August 2012. The last Chiang Mai workshop, funded by INED, co-organized by Géraldine Duthé (INED) and locally organized by Sophie Le Coeur (IRD/INED), Joseph Larmarange and Elena Ambrosetti provided an opportunity to train 13 senior demographers in the Demopaedia/Wiki technology in order to produce a unified edition in six new Asian languages ​​(Korean, Indonesian, Malaysian, Nepalese, Thai and Vietnamese).

Thanks also to Christine Gandrille, secretary of the French National Committee of the IUSSP, who scanned and corrected many of the issues thanks to her exceptional knowledge of several languages, Françoise Gubry and Martine Deville, librarians at CEPED and INED, respectively, for their perseverance in finding the old dictionaries such as the Arabic or Estonian editions. Their advice on thesaurus and index technology were also very helpful.

Finally, I would like to thank the French National Committee that I had the honor to preside until January 2012 and all members of the three successive bureaus for their help in starting and conducting the Demopædia project since 2005. Websites demand light but continuous support, in our case provided by INED which hosts the server. In 2012, IUSSP created an interest grouping so that the Demopædia project could take an international dimension.

Nicolas Brouard
Director of research at INED
Coordinator of the IUSSP Demopædia project
October 2018

Preface to the unified second edition

To be written.